What Causes Difficulty Urinating in Men?

Difficulty urinating in men is a common problem, especially with age. It may involve a weak urine stream, trouble starting, frequent urination, or a feeling that the bladder is not fully empty. These symptoms should not be ignored, as they may signal an underlying medical condition.

The most common cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or enlarged prostate. As men get older, the prostate gland—which surrounds the urethra—can grow larger. When it presses against the urethra, it narrows the passage for urine and makes it harder to empty the bladder completely. This is often seen in men over 50, but it can begin earlier.

Another possible cause is a urinary tract infection (UTI). Though less common in men than in women, UTIs can cause inflammation and swelling, making it painful or difficult to pass urine. Symptoms may include burning, urgency, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine.

Prostatitis, which is inflammation of the prostate, may also cause difficulty urinating. It can be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic (long-lasting). Men with prostatitis may experience pelvic pain, discomfort during urination, and even fever or chills.

In some cases, urethral stricture—a narrowing of the urethra caused by scar tissue—can block the flow of urine. This may result from previous injury, surgery, or infection. Bladder stones or tumors may also physically block urine flow and lead to weak stream or retention.

Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injuries may interfere with the nerves that control the bladder and urinary sphincter, leading to incomplete emptying or urinary retention.

Certain medications—including decongestants, antihistamines, or antidepressants—can also affect bladder function by relaxing the muscles that normally help urine pass through the urethra.

Persistent or worsening urinary symptoms should always be discussed with a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis helps identify the cause and avoid complications such as bladder damage, kidney problems, or infections. Treatments may include medications, lifestyle changes, or procedures to relieve blockage and improve urine flow.

Looking for more questions?

Visit the Bladder Questions Answered in Plain Language page.

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