Can an Enlarged Prostate Affect Bladder Function?

Yes, an enlarged prostate can significantly affect bladder function, especially in men over the age of 50. The medical term for this condition is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is not cancer, but it is very common and can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms.

The prostate is a small gland that sits just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra—the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. As the prostate grows larger, it can press against the urethra and partially block the flow of urine. This makes it harder for the bladder to empty properly and can lead to several urinary problems.

Men with an enlarged prostate often experience:

  • A weak or slow urine stream
  • Difficulty starting urination
  • A feeling that the bladder is not completely empty
  • Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
  • Sudden urges to urinate
  • Dribbling after urination
  • In some cases, complete inability to urinate (urinary retention)

Over time, if the bladder has to work harder to push urine past the blockage, its muscle walls can become thickened and less flexible. This may cause the bladder to store less urine and contract before it is full, resulting in urgency or frequent urination. If left untreated, severe BPH can lead to bladder infections, bladder stones, or even kidney damage due to back pressure.

Treatment for an enlarged prostate depends on the severity of symptoms. In mild cases, lifestyle changes such as reducing caffeine and evening fluids may help. Medications can relax the prostate or shrink its size, improving urine flow. If these do not work, procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or other minimally invasive techniques can be used to remove part of the prostate and relieve the obstruction.

If you notice changes in how you urinate, especially if they interfere with sleep or daily activities, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider. Early treatment can protect bladder health and improve quality of life.

Looking for more questions?

Visit the Bladder Questions Answered in Plain Language page.

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