What Is Bladder Prolapse?

Bladder prolapse, also known as cystocele, is a condition where the bladder drops from its normal position and bulges into the front wall of the vagina. It happens when the muscles and tissues that support the bladder become weak or stretched. This condition affects women and is especially common after childbirth, menopause, or pelvic surgery.

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and ligaments that hold organs like the bladder, uterus, and bowel in place. When these supports are damaged—due to vaginal delivery, aging, heavy lifting, or chronic straining—the bladder may slip downward.

Common symptoms include:

• A feeling of pressure or fullness in the vaginal area
• A noticeable bulge or tissue pushing into or out of the vagina
• Difficulty starting urination or fully emptying the bladder
• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Leaking urine during physical activity, coughing, or sneezing
• Discomfort during sex

Some women may not notice any symptoms, especially if the prolapse is mild. However, as it progresses, it can affect daily activities and bladder control.

Diagnosis is usually made during a pelvic exam by a doctor. You may also be asked about your symptoms, urinary habits, and any past pregnancies or surgeries.

Treatment depends on how severe the prolapse is and how much it affects your life. Mild cases may be managed with pelvic floor exercises (also known as Kegels) to strengthen the support muscles. Pessaries, which are small removable devices inserted into the vagina, can provide support for the bladder.

For more advanced cases, surgery may be recommended to repair the weakened tissue and restore the bladder to its proper position. This is usually done through the vagina and may be combined with other procedures if other pelvic organs are also affected.

Bladder prolapse is not life-threatening, but it can impact quality of life. Early detection and proper care can improve comfort and prevent the condition from worsening.