What Are the Side Effects of Targeted Therapy?
Targeted therapy is an important treatment for advanced kidney cancer, but like all cancer treatments, it can cause side effects. These drugs work by blocking pathways that help cancer grow, especially those involved in blood vessel formation and cell signaling. However, these same pathways also exist in healthy tissues, which is why side effects can occur.
Most targeted therapy drugs for kidney cancer—such as cabozantinib, sunitinib, axitinib, and lenvatinib—are taken as oral tablets and used either alone or in combination with immunotherapy.
Common Side Effects
These vary between drugs, but the most frequently reported include:
- High blood pressure – Often develops during treatment and must be monitored and controlled.
- Diarrhea – May range from mild to severe and can lead to dehydration if untreated.
- Fatigue – A common symptom, especially after weeks or months of continuous use.
- Hand-foot syndrome – Redness, swelling, pain, or blistering on palms and soles.
- Mouth sores – Painful ulcers that can affect eating and speaking.
- Appetite loss or weight changes – May occur due to taste changes, nausea, or fatigue.
Less Common but Serious Side Effects
- Bleeding or clotting issues – Especially in patients with heart disease or on blood thinners.
- Heart problems – Rare but serious, including changes in heart rhythm or heart failure.
- Liver or kidney changes – Blood tests are used to monitor organ function.
- Thyroid dysfunction – Hypothyroidism is common and may require lifelong treatment.
Managing Side Effects
Your doctor will:
- Monitor your blood pressure and lab tests regularly
- Adjust the drug dose if needed
- Prescribe medications to help control symptoms
Many side effects improve with time or supportive care. Early recognition and good communication with your healthcare team are essential for staying on treatment and maintaining quality of life.
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