How Often Does Kidney Cancer Come Back After Surgery?

After kidney cancer surgery, one of the biggest concerns is whether the cancer will return. This is known as recurrence. The risk of recurrence depends on several factors, including the stage, grade, type of kidney cancer, and whether the entire tumor was successfully removed.

Recurrence Rates by Stage

In general:

• For stage 1 tumors (small, confined to the kidney), the recurrence risk is low—around 5–10%
• For stage 2 and 3 tumors, the risk rises to 20–40%
• For stage 4 or metastatic cases, recurrence or progression is more likely, even after surgery

Most recurrences happen within the first 3 to 5 years after treatment, which is why close follow-up during this time is crucial.

Types of Recurrence

Kidney cancer can return in several ways:

• Local recurrence: near the original surgery site
• Distant recurrence: in organs like the lungs, bones, liver, or brain
• Lymph node recurrence

Recurrence may be detected through routine imaging (such as CT or MRI scans) or through symptoms like pain, unexplained weight loss, or new blood in the urine.

Can It Be Treated If It Comes Back?

Yes. If the cancer returns, there are multiple treatment options depending on where and how it comes back:

• Surgery (if resectable)
• Immunotherapy (e.g., nivolumab or pembrolizumab)
• Targeted therapies (e.g., cabozantinib, belzutifan)
• Radiation therapy for symptom control in some cases

Some recurrences are slow-growing and can be managed for many years, especially with the newer treatment options now available.

What Can You Do?

Regular follow-up care is essential. This typically includes:

• Imaging every 6–12 months, depending on risk
• Blood tests for kidney function
• Urine tests to check for abnormalities
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, controlling blood pressure, and avoiding smoking may also help reduce long-term risks.

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