What Is Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma?

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is a rare type of kidney cancer, making up about 5% of all adult kidney cancers. It tends to grow more slowly than other types, and in many cases, it has a better prognosis, especially when found early.

The term “chromophobe” comes from how the cells appear under a microscope—they don’t absorb certain dyes easily, which makes them look pale or transparent in lab tests.

Chromophobe RCC begins in the cells lining the collecting ducts of the kidney, which are responsible for concentrating urine. It is usually found in only one kidney and is typically diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 60, though it can occur earlier or later.

Most people with chromophobe RCC do not have symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

  • Blood in the urine
  • A lump in the abdomen or side
  • Persistent back or flank pain

Chromophobe RCC can occur sporadically or, in rare cases, as part of a genetic condition such as Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome, which also increases the risk of other tumors and skin conditions.

Treatment typically involves surgery, either partial or radical nephrectomy, depending on the size and location of the tumor. Unlike clear cell RCC, chromophobe RCC is less likely to spread to other organs. If it does spread, it may not respond as well to standard immunotherapies or targeted drugs, though research is ongoing.

Because this cancer is less aggressive in most cases, long-term survival rates are generally favorable, especially when diagnosed early.

Looking for more questions?

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