What Are the Types of Kidney Cancer?

Kidney cancer includes several distinct types, each with unique features and treatment approaches. Understanding the specific type helps guide diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC)

This is the most common type, accounting for about 70% to 80% of adult kidney cancers. The cells appear pale or clear under a microscope. It often responds well to targeted therapies and immunotherapy.

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC)

The second most common type, making up about 10% to 15% of cases. Previously divided into Type 1 and Type 2, this classification is now considered outdated. Current understanding recognizes pRCC as a diverse group of tumors with different genetic features and variable behavior. Some forms are slow-growing, while others can be more aggressive.

Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

A rarer subtype, accounting for about 5% of kidney cancers. It usually has a favorable prognosis and slower growth compared to clear cell RCC.

Collecting Duct Carcinoma

An uncommon and aggressive form of kidney cancer. It originates in the collecting ducts and tends to spread early, making treatment more complex.

Renal Medullary Carcinoma

A very rare and fast-growing kidney cancer, primarily affecting young individuals with sickle cell trait. It is difficult to treat and has a poor outlook.

Transitional Cell Carcinoma (Urothelial Carcinoma)

Starts in the lining of the renal pelvis, where urine collects before moving to the bladder. It behaves more like bladder cancer and is treated accordingly.

Wilms Tumor

A childhood kidney cancer, usually diagnosed in children under age 5. With early treatment, the prognosis is often excellent.

Each kidney cancer type has its own biology, growth pattern, and treatment response. Pathology reports and genetic testing play an important role in making the correct diagnosis.

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