What Are the Symptoms of Kidney Cancer?

Kidney cancer often causes no symptoms in its early stages, which is why many cases are found by accident during imaging tests done for other reasons. However, as the tumor grows or spreads, certain symptoms may appear. Recognizing these signs early can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.

The most common symptoms of kidney cancer include:

  • Blood in the urine (even a small amount, or coming and going)
  • Pain in the side or lower back that doesn’t go away
  • A lump or mass in the abdomen or side, often near the lower ribs
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fever that isn’t caused by infection
  • Fatigue or low energy
  • Loss of appetite

Some people may also experience anemia (low red blood cell count), which can cause weakness or shortness of breath. In rare cases, kidney cancer may produce hormones that affect other parts of the body, leading to symptoms like high blood pressure or high calcium levels.

The severity and combination of symptoms vary from person to person. In many cases, there are no symptoms until the cancer is more advanced, which is why imaging tests—like CT scans or ultrasounds—play an important role in diagnosis.

It is important to remember that these symptoms can be caused by many other, less serious conditions such as urinary tract infections or kidney stones. However, if symptoms persist or seem unusual, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly.

Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes, especially when the tumor is still confined to the kidney.

Looking for more questions?

Visit our Kidney Cancer Questions page for all other topics explained in plain language.

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