Can Kidney Cancer Spread to Other Organs?

Yes, kidney cancer can spread to other organs, especially if it is not detected and treated early. When cancer spreads from its original site to other parts of the body, it is called metastatic kidney cancer or stage 4 renal cell carcinoma.

The most common sites where kidney cancer spreads include the lungs, bones, liver, lymph nodes, and occasionally the brain. This happens when cancer cells break away from the tumor in the kidney and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other areas of the body.

Once kidney cancer has spread, it becomes more difficult to treat. While surgery may still be an option in some cases, treatment often focuses on controlling the spread and improving quality of life. This may include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of drugs such as nivolumab and cabozantinib.

Symptoms of advanced or metastatic kidney cancer may vary depending on which organs are affected. For example, cancer that spreads to the lungs may cause a persistent cough or shortness of breath, while spread to the bones can lead to pain or fractures.

Although metastatic kidney cancer is considered incurable in most cases, new treatments have significantly improved outcomes. Some people are able to live for many years with advanced disease, especially if they respond well to therapy.

Regular monitoring through scans and blood tests is essential for tracking the cancer’s behavior and adjusting treatment plans. Early detection of spread gives doctors more options and can lead to better management of the disease.

Looking for more questions?

Visit our Kidney Cancer Questions page for all other topics explained in plain language.

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