Can Chronic Kidney Disease Cause Kidney Cancer?

Yes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to a higher risk of developing kidney cancer, especially in people with advanced kidney damage or those on long-term dialysis. While not everyone with CKD will get cancer, the risk is significantly higher compared to the general population.

CKD refers to the gradual loss of kidney function over time. As the kidneys become damaged, they can no longer filter waste properly. This ongoing damage may lead to changes in kidney cells, making them more likely to grow abnormally and form tumors. In particular, a type of kidney cancer called papillary renal cell carcinoma is more common in people with CKD.

The risk is even greater in individuals who have been on dialysis for several years. This is because dialysis doesn’t completely restore kidney function, and over time, the kidneys may shrink and develop cysts, which can become cancerous. This condition is sometimes referred to as acquired cystic kidney disease, which itself raises the risk of kidney tumors.

Other factors often seen in CKD patients—such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and long-term inflammation—may also contribute to the increased cancer risk.

For people with CKD, regular monitoring is essential. Doctors may recommend periodic imaging tests to check for any signs of tumors, particularly in patients on dialysis or those with long-standing disease. Early detection is especially important, as kidney cancer often does not cause symptoms in the early stages.

Managing CKD through lifestyle changes, medications, and regular medical follow-up can help reduce complications and may also lower the chance of cancer developing.

Looking for more questions?

Visit our Kidney Cancer Questions page for all other topics explained in plain language.

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