Urology Cancers: All about bladder, kidney, prostate, and Cancers

Urology is the medical specialty that focuses on diseases and disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system. The urinary system is the primary focus of urology. This includes: Kidneys: Two bean-shaped organs located near the middle of the back, responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood to form urine. Ureters: Thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Bladder: A hollow muscular organ that stores urine until it is ready to be expelled. Urethra: The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body during urination. In men, urology also covers the male reproductive organs, including: Prostate gland: A walnut-sized gland that helps produce seminal fluid. Testicles: Organs that produce sperm and testosterone. Epididymis: A tube where sperm mature and are stored. Vas deferens: Tubes that carry sperm from the testicles during ejaculation. Penis: The external organ involved in urination and reproduc...

A urologist is a medical doctor who specializes in problems of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters (tubes that carry urine), bladder, and urethra (the tube that allows urine to leave the body). Urologists treat people of all ages—men, women, and children—who have problems with these parts of the body. In men, urologists treat many different conditions. These include kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, and problems with bladder control. They also treat cancers such as kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer. In addition, urologists help men with enlarged prostate, prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), male infertility, erectile dysfunction, and low testosterone levels. They also perform procedures like vasectomy and circumcision, and treat injuries or swelling of the testicles and penis. In women, urologists mainly treat urinary-rela...

Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the urinary system in both men and women, and the reproductive system in men. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These organs work together to make and remove urine from the body. In men, urology also includes the prostate, testicles, penis, and other parts involved in reproduction. Urology is not just for men. It is a specialty that helps men, women, and children with a wide range of health problems. People often visit a urologist for things like kidney stones, bladder infections, incontinence, or blood in the urine. Urologists also treat more serious issues like kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer. In men, urologists deal with problems such as enlarged prostate, urinary blockage, difficulty urinating, erectile dysfunction, low testosterone, and infertility. They also perform procedures like vasectomy, circumcision, and prostate surgery when needed. In women, urolog...

Whether kidney disease can be reversed depends on the cause, the stage of the disease, and how early it is detected. In general, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a long-term condition that tends to get worse over time. While it may not be fully reversible, its progress can often be slowed or even stopped with the right treatment. In the early stages, lifestyle changes and medications can help protect your remaining kidney function. This includes: Controlling blood pressure Managing blood sugar in people with diabetes Reducing salt and protein intake Staying well-hydrated Avoiding medications that may harm the kidneys, such as certain painkillers If CKD is caught early, these steps can prevent further damage and help you maintain good kidney function for many years. In contrast, acute kidney injury (AKI)—a sudden loss of kidney function due to illness, dehydration, or medications—is often reversible. With quick treatment, such as IV fluids, stopping harmful medications, or tre...

Your kidneys do much more than make urine. They filter your blood, balance your fluids, control blood pressure, and support bone and red blood cell health. But how exactly do they do all this? This page is your one-stop resource for understanding how the kidneys work—one question at a time. Whether you are curious about how much urine is normal, what kidneys remove from the blood, or what happens with only one kidney, you will find simple, science-backed answers here. Each topic below links to a short article that explains one key question in plain language. These articles are designed for anyone to understand—no medical background needed. As new articles are published, they will be added to the list below. Bookmark this page and check back often for the latest updates. What do the kidneys do in the human body? How do the kidneys filter blood? Where are the kidneys located in the body? Can you live a normal life with one kidney? How much urine do healthy kidneys produce in a day? What ...

Your kidneys and heart may seem like they do very different jobs, but they are deeply connected. When one is not working well, the other is often affected too. That is why doctors often talk about kidney health and heart health together—because damage to one organ can increase the risk of disease in the other. The heart pumps blood through the body, sending it to the kidneys, which filter out waste, extra fluid, and toxins. The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure, control fluid levels, and keep the balance of key minerals like sodium and potassium. To do all this, the kidneys rely on steady blood flow from a healthy heart. When the heart is not pumping well—due to heart failure or poor circulation—the kidneys may not receive enough blood to function properly. This can lead to a decline in kidney function. On the flip side, if the kidneys are damaged, they may not remove fluid effectively, causing fluid overload. This puts extra pressure on the heart and raises the risk of high bl...

Serum creatinine is a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine, a waste product produced by your muscles. It is one of the most widely used markers of kidney function, because your kidneys are responsible for removing creatinine from the blood and excreting it through urine. When your kidneys are working properly, they keep the level of creatinine in your blood within a healthy range. If your serum creatinine level is higher than normal, it may mean that your kidneys are not filtering waste efficiently. Typical normal ranges for serum creatinine are: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women These values can vary slightly depending on age, body size, muscle mass, and the laboratory performing the test. People with more muscle may naturally have higher levels, while elderly individuals or those with less muscle mass may have lower levels. Serum creatinine is often used to calculate your estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which provides a more precise assessm...